Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

Insulin is the hormone that plays a critical role in regulating blood sugar levels. It is produced by the pancreas and facilitates the uptake of glucose by the body's cells, allowing them to use it for energy. When blood sugar levels rise, such as after eating a meal, insulin is released to help lower these levels by promoting the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues. Additionally, insulin helps to decrease the production of glucose by the liver. This precise regulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis and preventing conditions like hyperglycemia.

While glucagon also influences blood sugar levels, it works in the opposite direction by raising blood sugar when levels are low. Cortisol has various functions, including managing stress and metabolism, but it is not primarily focused on blood sugar regulation. Adrenaline, often involved in the body’s fight-or-flight response, can elevate blood sugar temporarily during stress but is not the key hormone responsible for routine blood sugar management. Thus, insulin is the primary hormone essential for lowering blood sugar levels effectively.