What part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?

The cerebellum is the part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination. It is located at the back of the brain, underneath the cerebrum. The cerebellum processes information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to regulate motor movements. It plays a crucial role in fine-tuning movements, maintaining posture, and ensuring smooth and coordinated motions. This function is particularly important in activities requiring precision, such as writing, playing musical instruments, or sports.

In contrast, the cerebrum is involved in higher brain functions such as thought, action, and sensory processing, but it does not specifically manage balance and coordination. The brainstem controls vital life functions such as breathing and heart rate, and while it does contribute to some reflexes, it is not primarily responsible for balance. The limbic system is associated more with emotions and memory rather than the coordination of physical movements. Therefore, the unique functions of the cerebellum make it the correct answer in this context.