What is the role of myelin sheath?

The myelin sheath plays a crucial role in the nervous system by insulating nerve fibers, which is essential for efficient signal transmission. This insulation enhances the speed at which electrical impulses travel along the axon of the nerve cell.

By wrapping around the axons of some neurons, the myelin sheath allows impulses to jump from one node of Ranvier (gaps in the sheath) to another, a process known as saltatory conduction. This not only speeds up signal transmission significantly compared to unmyelinated fibers but also helps prevent the loss of electrical signals, improving the overall efficiency of communication within the nervous system.

The insulating property of the myelin sheath is vital because it reduces the capacitance and increases the speed of action potentials, making the transmission of information faster and more efficient. This is especially important in facilitating rapid reflexes and coordinated movement.