What are the two primary types of cells in the nervous system?

The primary types of cells in the nervous system are neurons and glial cells. Neurons are the functional units responsible for transmitting electrical signals throughout the body, allowing for communication between the brain and various other parts of the body. They are specialized for processing and transmitting information, playing a crucial role in everything from reflexes to complex thought processes.

Glial cells, on the other hand, provide support, protection, and nourishment to neurons. They are essential for maintaining the overall environment of the nervous system and aiding in the repair and maintenance of neural tissues. Glial cells also contribute to the formation of myelin, which insulates neuronal axons and enhances signal transmission.

In contrast to neurons and glial cells, the other options consist of cell types that are not associated with the nervous system. Red and white blood cells are components of the circulatory system, muscle cells are involved in movement, and osteocytes and chondrocytes are types of bone and cartilage cells, respectively. Understanding the distinct roles of neurons and glial cells helps illustrate the complex functionality of the nervous system.